Tetrahydrofuran (THF): A ttha ngaimi chemical riantuannak ah a ttha ngaimi hnulei hram
Physicochemical sining thukpi in hlathlainak
Aa dangmi Molecular Architecture
THF dirhmun cu oxygen atom he aa pehtlaimi ether ring a si, a tanglei a biapimi sining hna a ser:
Polar Solvency: 2.75 D dipole moment nih polar molecules he hydrogen pehtlaihnak a tuah khawh i nonpolar compound pawl kha induced dipole pehtlaihnak in a thlen khawh hna, cu nih cun a phunphun in aa pehtlaimi system caah a ttha.
Ring Reactivity: Ether ring cu acid-catalyzed ring-onnak a tong, alkylation le polymerization tibantuk lehrulhnak a bawmh. Hi thlennak cu polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) tibantuk polymer sernak caah a biapi tukmi a si.
Taksa sining
Thermal Stability: 66°C ah a lum i -108.5°C ah a kik, THF cu a kau ngaimi lumnak ah ti bantuk in a um, lumnak niam i thlennak le rang tukin a lumnak caah aa tlak.
Thilri phurh khawhnak: A tlawmmi (0.55 mPa·s) le a sangmi a cunglei hnahnawhnak (26.4 mN/m) nih a hnim khawhnak a ṭhanchoter, thianhnak le khuhnak hmannak caah a biapi tukmi a si.
Himnak kong theihternak: Meikangh a fawi tukmi (meikanghnak hmun -17.2°C) le thli he a puak khomi cawhmi a ser (1.8–12.4% vol), meikangh khamnak phunglam fek tein a herh.
Industry kip ah a biapi mi hmannak
Polymer le Resin chuahnak
Polyurethane (PU) sernak:
PTMEG chuahnak: THF cu polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) sernak caah a hrampi thilri a si, spandex hri le thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) ah a biapi mi a nemmi tthen a si. Vawleicung THF 90% leng cu hi riantuannak ah hman a si, spandex ton pakhat ah THF ton ~0.8 a herh.
PU Adhesives: DMF he cawhmi, THF nih kedan le mawtaw chung caah a rangmi, a fekmi adhesives a ser, DMF system thiang nakin 35% a fekmi le 40% a ro rang deuhmi a pek.
Epoxy le Synthetic Resins:
Epoxy sernak ah co-solvent pakhat in, THF nih cawh khawhnak a tthanchoter i a tlawmter, cu nih cun electronics le vanlawng ah a dikthliar in thuh khawhnak a tuah khawh.
Organic le Specialty Chemistry
Grignard lehrulhnak:
THF nih magnesium ions he pehtlaihnak in organometallic intermediates (eg, RMgX) kha a fehter, diethyl ether he tahchunh tikah 15-20% tiang a karhter. Tahchunhnak: Ibuprofen sernak ah, THF-based Grignard steps nih ≥99.5% thianhlimnak ≤0.3% byproducts he an hmuh.
Lithium Battery Electrolytes:
THF nih lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆)-based electrolytes (≥10 mS/cm) i a hruai khawhnak a ṭhanchoter, lithium thir battery ah a cycle nunnak kha a let 1,000 leng (a tthawnnak tlaih khawhnak ≥85%) tiang a ṭhanchoter.
High-Tech le Specialty Fields
Semiconductor Thianhnak: THF nih microelectronics sernak ah photoresist a tangmi kha a hloh, sub-14 nm thil tuahnak caah thir ion thurhnawmhnak ≤10 ppb a hmuh.
Sii lei thlennak: Antibiotics le steroids thlennak ah hmanmi, THF-ti system nih ≥99.9% thiannak he aa khatmi thlennak (50-200 μm) a chuahter.
Thilri chuahmi chuahnak: Lipophilic compound (tahchunhnak ah, CBD, paclitaxel) kha nonpolar solvents nakin 25% a thiang deuhmi in thim tein a thlet, cu lioah lum lo tein thlennak in lumnak rawhnak kha a zorter.
A sining
| Thilri min | Propionic Acid | |||||||||
| Chemical Formula | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Molecule rit | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Muisam umtuning | Rong ngei lomi a fiangmi ti | |||||||||
| A linnak hmun | -20.8°C | |||||||||
| A linnak hmun | 141.1°C | |||||||||
| Chahnak | 0.993 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Shouhhlua | Plastic, sii, rawl, rimhmui le rimhmui ah hman a si | |||||||||
Quality Control Sheet
| Thilri min | Propionic Acid | ||||||
| THIL | STANDARD VALUE(%) | TEST VALUE(%) | |||||
| Propionic Acid aa telmi, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| A ritmi(20/20°C) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| A linnak hmun/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| A lummi a tangmi, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Ti,w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde,w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| fawi tein thlennak, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| A donghnak huapnak | GB 1886.210-2016 phunglam he aa tlak | ||||||
Himnak kong ruahnak le riantuannak thlennak
Ngandamnak le Pawngkam Tihnung
Thil ttha lo: A tammi (>500 ppm) thawchuahnak nih CNS lungdonghnak a chuahter khawh; caan saupi hmannak nih thin/kal riantuannak a hnorsuan khawh. Thluak kilvennak (APF≥10) le chemical a doh khomi kutdonghrolh a herh.
Pawngkam hnahnawhnak: Vawlei ah a rawk khomi (nunnak cheukhat ≤5 ni) asinain tichung saram caah a ttha lomi (LC50 nga=110 mg/L). Ti thurhnawm cu chuah hlanah a sangmi thianhnak (COD≤50 mg/L) an tuah a hau.
Phunglam le thiamnak lei lehnak
Thianhlimnak Tlukruannak:
Industrial (≥99%): A tlangpi in sernak caah, ≤0.5% ti/aldehydes onh.
Electronic (≥99.9%): Thir ions ≤1 ppb, semiconductor hmannak caah SEMI C8-compliant.
Sii lei (≥99.5%): FDA nih a cohlanmi, sii sernak caah aldehydes ≤10 ppm.
Vawleicung Zulhphung:
EU REACH: Rawl he aa tongmi thilri ah kham a si (tthialnak ≤0.05 mg/kg).
US OSHA: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), riantuannak hmun thli zohkhenhnak a herh.
Zeicah Kan THF Kan Thim?
Aa thlen lomi thianhlimnak: A tthangchomi triple-distillation tuahsernak nih 99.99% thianhlimnak ah electronic-grade THF a chuahter, ≤10 ppm ti le ≤1 ppm aldehydes he, batch-to-batch aa khatmi (thlennak ≤±0.02%) a fehter.
Mah duhning in a phichuak: Ti tlawmtam (50-1000 ppm), peroxide tlawmtam (≤10 ppm), le pH (5.0-7.0) caah aa tlakmi sernak, cu hna cu a biapimi sii sernak caah peroxide tlawmmi THF tibantuk an si.
Himnak-Hruaimi Thilri: Nitrogen-khuhmi chiahnak le puah khawhnak a kham khomi phorh khawhnak nih chuahnak in phorhnak tiang him tein hman khawhnak a tuah.
Phunglam ningcang: SEMI, ACS, le FDA phunglam hna he vawleicung pumpi zulhphung, market ah tluang tein luh khawhnak caah remh khawhmi MSDS nih a bawmh.
Chemical thiamnak caah hawikomhnak
THF i a dang tein a tlukruannak, a tthawn khawhnak, le a kalning aa rem khawhnak nih chanthar chemistry ah a hrampi lungphun ah a chiah. A thiangmi thilri, thiamnak lei tharchuahnak le phunglam zulhphung zulhnak ah kan i pekchanhnak nih plastic, electronics le sii lei ah a cawtu hna kha ttha tein hlawhtlinnak hmuh khawhnak nawl a pek hna. Application kip ah a dikthliar, riantuan khawhnak le fek tein hman khawhnak on khawhnak ding caah kan THF kha thim.